Appendix D. Character Entities

Table D-1 lists the various Unicode escapes, HTML numeric entities, and HTML named entities for all printable ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) characters.

The numeric and named entities may be used within HTML pages; they are converted to symbols by web browsers. Unicode escapes may be used within servlet code; they are interpreted by the Java compiler. For example, a pound sign (£) can be embedded in an HTML page as "£" or "£". It can be embedded directly in Java code as "\u00A3".

Not every HTML character entity is universally supported. The Support column indicates its level of support. An "S" value means the numeric and named entity values for the symbol are part of the HTML standard. A "P" indicates the entity values are proposed standards--not part of the HTML standard but in most cases widely supported. An "N" in the column indicates the entity values are nonstandard and poorly supported. For these symbols, it's often best to use Unicode escapes.

Table D-1. Character Entities

Unicode Escape	Numeric Entity	Named Entity	Symbol	Description	Support
`\u0009`	` `		`\t`	Horizontal tab	S
`\u000A`	` `		`\n`	Line feed	S
`\u000D`	` `		`\r`	Carriage return	S
`\u0020`	` `			Space	S
`\u0021`	`!`		`!`	Exclamation point	S
`\u0022`	`"`	`"`	`"`	Quotation mark	S
`\u0023`	`#`		`#`	Hash mark	S
`\u0024`	`$`		`$`	Dollar sign	S
`\u0025`	`%`		`%`	Percent sign	S
`\u0026`	`&`	`&`	`&`	Ampersand	S
`\u0027`	`'`		`'`	Apostrophe	S
`\u0028`	`(`		`(`	Left parenthesis	S
`\u0029`	`)`		`)`	Right parenthesis	S
`\u002A`	`*`		`*`	Asterisk	S
`\u002B`	`+`		`+`	Plus sign	S
`\u002C`	`,`		`,`	Comma	S
`\u002D`	`-`		`-`	Hyphen	S
`\u002E`	`.`		`.`	Period	S
`\u002F`	`/`		`/`	Slash	S
`\u0030`-`\u0039`	`0`-`9`		`0`-`9`	Digits 0-9	S
`\u003A`	`:`		`:`	Colon	S
`\u003B`	`;`		`;`	Semicolon	S
`\u003C`	`<`	`<`	`<`	Less than	S
`\u003D`	`=`		`=`	Equal sign	S
`\u003E`	`>`	`>`	`>`	Greater than	S
`\u003F`	`?`		`?`	Question mark	S
`\u0040`	`@`		`@`	Commercial "at" sign	S
`\u0041`-`\u005A`	`A`-`Z`		`A`-`Z`	Letters A-Z	S
`\u005B`	`[`		`[`	Left square bracket	S
`\u005C`	`\`		`\`	Backslash	S
`\u005D`	`]`		`]`	Right square bracket	S
`\u005E`	`^`		`^`	Caret	S
`\u005F`	`_`		`_`	Underscore	S
`\u0060`	```		`	Grave accent	S
`\u0061`-`\u007A`	`a`-`z`		`a`-`z`	Letters a-z	S
`\u007B`	`{`		`{`	Left curly brace	S
`\u007C`	`\|`		`\|`	Vertical bar	S
`\u007D`	`}`		`}`	Right curly brace	S
`\u007E`	`~`		`~`	Tilde	S
`\u0082`	``		`,`		N
`\u0083`	``		`ƒ`	Florin	N
`\u0084`	``		"	Right double quote	N
`\u0085`	``		...	Ellipsis	N
`\u0086`	``		†	Dagger	N
`\u0087`	``		‡	Double dagger	N
`\u0088`	``		^	Circumflex	N
`\u0089`	``		‰	Permil	N
`\u008A`	``		`Š`	Capital S, caron	N
`\u008B`	``		<	Less than sign	N
`\u008C`	``		Œ	Capital OE ligature	N
`\u0091`	``		`	Left single quote	N
`\u0092`	``		'	Right single quote	N
`\u0093`	``		"	Left double quote	N
`\u0094`	``		rdquo	Right double quote	N
`\u0095`	``		•	Bullet	N
`\u0096`	``		–	En dash	N
`\u0097`	``		--	Em dash	N
`\u0098`	``		`~`	Tilde	N
`\u0099`	``		™	Trademark	N
`\u009A`	``		š	Small s, caron	N
`\u009B`	``		>	Greater than sign	N
`\u009C`	``		œ	Small oe ligature	N
`\u009F`	``		Yuml	Capital Y, umlaut	N
`\u00A0`	` `	` `		Nonbreaking space	P
`\u00A1`	`¡`	`¡`	¡	Inverted exclamation point	P
`\u00A2`	`¢`	`¢`	¢	Cent sign	P
`\u00A3`	`£`	`£`	£	Pound sign	P
`\u00A4`	`¤`	`¤`	¤	General currency sign	P
`\u00A5`	`¥`	`¥`	¥	Yen sign	P
`\u00A6`	`¦`	`¦`	\|	Broken vertical bar	P
`\u00A7`	`§`	`§`	§	Section sign	P
`\u00A8`	`¨`	`¨`	¨	Umlaut	P
`\u00A9`	`©`	`©`	©	Copyright	P
`\u00AA`	`ª`	`ª`	ª	Feminine ordinal	P
`\u00AB`	`«`	`«`	«	Left angle quote	P
`\u00AC`	`¬`	`¬`	¬	Not sign	P
`\u00AD`	``	``	-	Soft hyphen	P
`\u00AE`	`®`	`®`	®	Registered trademark	P
`\u00AF`	`¯`	`¯`	¯	Macron accent	P
`\u00B0`	`°`	`°`	˚	Degree sign	P
`\u00B1`	`±`	`±`	±	Plus or minus	P
`\u00B2`	`²`	`²`	²	Superscript 2	P
`\u00B3`	`³`	`³`	³	Superscript 3	P
`\u00B4`	`´`	`´`	´	Acute accent	P
`\u00B5`	`µ`	`µ`	µ	Micro sign (Greek mu)	P
`\u00B6`	`¶`	`¶`	¶	Paragraph sign	P
`\u00B7`	`·`	`·`	·	Middle dot	P
`\u00B8`	`¸`	`¸`	¸	Cedilla	P
`\u00B9`	`¹`	`¹`	¹	Superscript 1	P
`\u00BA`	`º`	`º`	º	Masculine ordinal	P
`\u00BB`	`»`	`»`	»	Right angle quote	P
`\u00BC`	`¼`	`¼`	¼	Fraction one-fourth	P
`\u00BD`	`½`	`½`	½	Fraction one-half	P
`\u00BE`	`¾`	`¾`	¾	Fraction three-fourths	P
`\u00BF`	`¿`	`¿`	¿	Inverted question mark	P
`\u00C0`	`À`	`À`	À	Capital A, grave accent	S
`\u00C1`	`Á`	`Á`	Á	Capital A, acute accent	S
`\u00C2`	`Â`	`Â`	Â	Capital A, circumflex accent	S
`\u00C3`	`Ã`	`Ã`	Ã	Capital A, tilde	S
`\u00C4`	`Ä`	`Ä`	Ä	Capital A, umlaut	S
`\u00C5`	`Å`	`Å`	Å	Capital A, ring	S
`\u00C6`	`Æ`	`Æ`	Æ	Capital AE ligature	S
`\u00C7`	`Ç`	`Ç`	Ç	Capital C, cedilla	S
`\u00C8`	`È`	`È`	È	Capital E, grave accent	S
`\u00C9`	`É`	`É`	É	Capital E, acute accent	S
`\u00CA`	`Ê`	`Ê`	Ê	Capital E, circumflex accent	S
`\u00CB`	`Ë`	`Ë`	Ë	Capital E, umlaut	S
`\u00CC`	`Ì`	`Ì`	Ì	Capital I, grave accent	S
`\u00CD`	`Í`	`Í`	Í	Capital I, acute accent	S
`\u00CE`	`Î`	`Î`	Î	Capital I, circumflex accent	S
`\u00CF`	`Ï`	`Ï`	Ï	Capital I, umlaut	S
`\u00D0`	`Ð`	`Ð`	Ð	Capital eth, Icelandic	S
`\u00D1`	`Ñ`	`Ñ`	Ñ	Capital N, tilde	S
`\u00D2`	`Ò`	`Ò`	Ò	Capital O, grave accent	S
`\u00D3`	`Ó`	`Ó`	Ó	Capital O, acute accent	S
`\u00D4`	`Ô`	`Ô`	Ô	Capital O, circumflex accent	S
`\u00D5`	`Õ`	`Õ`	Õ	Capital O, tilde	S
`\u00D6`	`Ö`	`Ö`	Ö	Capital O, umlaut	S
`\u00D7`	`×`	`×`	×	Multiply sign	P
`\u00D8`	`Ø`	`Ø`	Ø	Capital O, slash	S
`\u00D9`	`Ù`	`Ù`	Ù	Capital U, grave accent	S
`\u00DA`	`Ú`	`Ú`	Ú	Capital U, acute accent	S
`\u00DB`	`Û`	`Û`	Û	Capital U, circumflex accent	S
`\u00DC`	`Ü`	`Ü`	Ü	Capital U, umlaut	S
`\u00DD`	`Ý`	`Ý`	Yacute	Capital Y, acute accent	S
`\u00DE`	`Þ`	`Þ`	THORN	Capital thorn, Icelandic	S
`\u00DF`	`ß`	`ß`	ß	Small sz ligature, German	S
`\u00E0`	`à`	`à`	à	Small a, grave accent	S
`\u00E1`	`á`	`á`	á	Small a, acute accent	S
`\u00E2`	`â`	`â`	â	Small a, circumflex accent	S
`\u00E3`	`ã`	`ã`	ã	Small a, tilde	S
`\u00E4`	`ä`	`ä`	ä	Small a, umlaut	S
`\u00E5`	`å`	`å`	å	Small a, ring	S
`\u00E6`	`æ`	`æ`	æ	Small ae ligature	S
`\u00E7`	`ç`	`ç`	ç	Small c, cedilla	S
`\u00E8`	`è`	`è`	è	Small e, grave accent	S
`\u00E9`	`é`	`é`	é	Small e, acute accent	S
`\u00EA`	`ê`	`ê`	ê	Small e, circumflex accent	S
`\u00EB`	`ë`	`ë`	ë	Small e, umlaut	S
`\u00EC`	`ì`	`ì`	ì	Small i, grave accent	S
`\u00ED`	`í`	`í`	í	Small i, acute accent	S
`\u00EE`	`î`	`î`	î	Small i, circumflex accent	S
`\u00EF`	`ï`	`ï`	ï	Small i, umlaut	S
`\u00F0`	`ð`	`ð`	eth	Small eth, Icelandic	S
`\u00F1`	`ñ`	`ñ`	ñ	Small n, tilde	S
`\u00F2`	`ò`	`ò`	ò	Small o, grave accent	S
`\u00F3`	`ó`	`ó`	ó	Small o, acute accent	S
`\u00F4`	`ô`	`ô`	ô	Small o, circumflex accent	S
`\u00F5`	`õ`	`õ`	õ	Small o, tilde	S
`\u00F6`	`ö`	`ö`	ö	Small o, umlaut	S
`\u00F7`	`÷`	`÷`	÷	Division sign	P
`\u00F8`	`ø`	`ø`	ø	Small o, slash	S
`\u00F9`	`ù`	`ù`	ù	Small u, grave accent	S
`\u00FA`	`ú`	`ú`	ú	Small u, acute accent	S
`\u00FB`	`û`	`û`	û	Small u, circumflex accent	S
`\u00FC`	`ü`	`ü`	ü	Small u, umlaut	S
`\u00FD`	`ý`	`ý`	ý	Small y, acute accent	S
`\u00FE`	`þ`	`þ`	thorn;	Small thorn, Icelandic	S
`\u00FF`	`ÿ`	`ÿ`	ÿ	Small y, umlaut	S


Appendix C. HTTP Status Codes		E. Charsets